Current issues in financial reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Current issues in financial reporting - Essay Example Because of this, there is a huge interest as well as apprehension regarding the basis upon which accounting data is collected and reported. Thus, the statement made by Solomons (1991) that ‘[i]f accounting is to retain any credibility – and without credibility it is worthless – its guiding light must be neutrality in financial reporting’, surely, assumes that the records on a balance sheet or profit and loss statement ought to be a precise indication of a business’s performance. This, unarguably, is the function of accounting. It is a language that explains as well as communicates features of company to its owners along with other concerned parties. The goals of financial statement turn out to be intricate during current years as the quantity and complication of disclosures have risen, and the users of financial statement have become even more demanding. Accounts are no longer merely a description of earlier activity and existing solvency. In the pre sent day, investors as well as other users of accounts anticipate to be able to utilize them to estimate business’s potential and to predict its success. Accounting information within financial statement may well be precise in the solely legal aspect but may not expose fiscal or business truth. Clearly, there is nothing novel regarding this condition; the regulations that guide the preparation of an account are â€Å"legion† (Pounder, 2009, p. 102), and a few of them are practical whereas a number of them seem very flexible and difficult to deal with; thus, accountants attempt to understand the regulations in the best manner that matches the principles. Nonetheless, there are reasons for considering that something will currently have to be done regarding the situation. The latest wave of abrupt as well as unanticipated failure and crash of major financial institutions has tended to destabilize assurance in audited account. Lately, it has been noticed that well-informed chief executives of banks show reluctance regarding their enormous â€Å"paper profits† (Botzem, 2012, p. 76). This is a sign that financial reports all over the globe are considered to be misleading and not telling the real position and that by large, inaccuracies could surface in later years. This reality indicates a somewhat sorry image of the condition of the accounting work and reliability of available financial reporting. In spite of all this, there is still a word of support due to several truthful and straightforward accountants who press for telling reality in their accounts and whose approach has support from their boards and their auditors, therefore guaranteeing that the â€Å"black art of cosmetic reporting† (Botzem, 2012, p. 76) in accounting is at least lessened if not eradicated. Accounting information is consistent if it is reasonably exempt from inaccuracy and partiality and truly reveals what it intends to reveal. Information is dependable when it h as representational authenticity and is confirmable as well as neutral. Representational authenticity is the level of connection between the stated accounting measurements or depictions and the financial sources and commitments as well as the dealings and events creating alterations in these items (Alexander et al., 2011, p. 120). Having a high level of representational authenticity is helpful in decreasing measurement prejudice. Verifiability is the capability of measurers to agree that the chosen technique has been

Moral Implication of Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Moral Implication of Frankenstein Essay The message, merits, and moral implications of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein have been long debated and discussed. Many recurring themes which are apt to surface in these conversations are those such as the woes of artificial creation and the â€Å"man is not God† argument. These themes have been so thoroughly explored and exploited that this essay could not possibly generate and original thought within the realms covered by these topics. In order to formulate something remotely fresh and at least relatively interesting, this essay seeks to shift the focus to the less explored dilemmas which Shelley may have purposely or subconsciously woven into the classic novel. The very fact that Mary Shelley is a woman casts the already remarkable tale in an entirely new light. To read it objectively is improbable, if not impossible, because stories like this are simply not written by women. As a matter of fact, there are some things—focusing on a thrilling plot for the sake of the thrill, centralizing characters like monsters and ghosts, prominently showcasing a male to male bond—that are seen from female authors so infrequently, the appearance of one or multiple aspects in a story would be a true shock. This is certainly not a knock against female authors! It is not at all an insult, actually. It is simply an analysis of the female niche in literature at a glance. The fact that Shelley annihilated this mold with Frankenstein is a testament to her creativity, uniqueness and skill, setting her apart from all authors, male or female, and elevating her to a position of respect and glory which spans generations and gender. When taking into account the female psychology, attempting to ascertain what a female would consciously or subconsciously attempt to prove with the novel is interesting. While several smaller points are made by Shelley in the text, the most important and overall message of the novel is this: no man or laboratory can replace the natural maternal nature of the human mother. The nurturing provided by a mother is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. While this process can be imitated with foster homes, day cares, orphanages and the like, only the direct bond between creator and creation will suffice to produce the best of outcomes. The first step is to show that Shelley intended for Victor to be viewed as a mother to his creation. The point that Victor is not a woman seems to enhance the idea that he is incapable of undertaking the tasks of a primary caregiver. Given Victor’s masculinity, she uses the characters to â€Å"experiment† with a creator-child relationship in the absence of the maternal nature of a woman. To do so she alludes to the strong parallels connecting the relationships. At the end of Volume 1, Victor’s thoughts turn to how he would â€Å"spend each vital drop of blood for [the family’s sake]† (Shelley 90). This quote is a reference to the womb and the â€Å"lifeblood† shared by a family. Each drop of blood circulating in a pregnant woman is shared by the fetus living within her as she literally creates the child in her womb. That blood is then shared by the next infant as mother and children grow together into a family united by this blood. Shelley is showing that just as Victor is bonded to his mother by blood, so too is he bonded with his Monster. This is not the first time Shelley portrays Victor as a motherly figure. In the description of the creation process, Shelley draws connections between it and a pregnancy many times. To begin with, the overall concept of the creation of an infant and the creation of a monster are nearly identical. Victor speaks of the â€Å"power placed within his hands† to â€Å"bestow animation† on â€Å"lifeless matter;† matter which will eventually become an incredible system with innumerable â€Å"intricacies of fibers, muscles, and veins† (Shelley 54). Is this not the same thing that can be said of a mother? For she, too, creates an intricate being from nothing with an â€Å"anxiety which almost amounts to agony† in the pains of pregnancy and labor (58). Having shown that Shelley intended for Victor to play the role of ‘mother’ in her analogy, focus will now shift to the ultimate point of the novel: The nurturing provided by a mother (Victor), is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. From the very beginning, Victor shirks the responsibility of nurture and literally runs from it. As the creature awakes he exclaims: â€Å"breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created; I rushed out of the room† (Shelley 58). The Monster then immediately assumes the role of infant in the relationship as Victor says, â€Å"His eyes were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks† (Shelley 59). In the normal human realm this situation would be met with a dozen tear-filled eyes seeking to hold and coddle the creation. Unfortunately for the Monster, no such treatment is offered by Victor. Frankenstein leaves the Monster to fend for himself. The horrible consequences of this lack of nurturing follow with intensity and frequency. This is proven by the rapidly building sense of confusion and loneliness within the monster. Feelings which are only multiplied by society’s general rejection of him. The Monster laments to Victor upon their reunion on these feelings, â€Å"no distinct ideas occupied my mind: all was confused. I felt light, and hunger and thirst, and darkness; innumerable sound rang in my ears and on all sides various scents saluted me† (Shelley 106). The Monster needed a person to provide some context for these sensations, he needed a nurturer to steer him through the difficult path of modern urban existence. He knew essentially nothing and suffered for it. The Monster recalls in a story to Victor his finding of huts, cottages and houses: â€Å"The whole village was roused; some fled, some attacked me, until, grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons, I escaped to the open country† (Shelley 109). Had Victor been there to guide and coach his creation through life as a mother does for her child, the Monster would have experienced exponentially less pain and suffering, if any at all. It was not just any instruction and care that the Monster desired. He yearned for the specific life-training that can only be offered by one’s creator. Although he learned language, work and more from the cottagers he observed, nothing could replace that which only Victor as the creator could offer. The Monster details this in conversation with Victor, â€Å"Of my creation and creator I was absolutely ignorant† he then complains of other calamities he faced before saying, â€Å"I cannot describe to you the agony that these reflections inflicted upon me: I tried to dispel them but sorrow only increased with knowledge† (Shelley 123). It was not the â€Å"knowledge† he desired—he was clearly receiving a more than satisfactory education from the cottage dwellers—it was the relationship with his creator that mattered most, from which the knowledge comes as a bi-product. To ask if Victor learns his lesson is not debatable. Shelley gives him a clear second chance to reevaluate his decision and he chooses correctly. The Monster asks, or more so, demands, point blank that Victor create him a counterpart: â€Å"You must create a female for me, with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do; and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede† (Shelley 147). Initially, Victor refuses, even under the threat of torture. Then, with the Monster’s convincing words and pleas for empathy, Victor agreed under the condition that the monster banish himself and his bride to South America. One night, however, in the midst of creating the second being, Victor suddenly came to the realization that the creation of a second female would not necessarily be for the better and â€Å"made a solemn vow in [his] own heart never to resume [his] labors† (Shelley 171). This resolution to not repeat his mistake shows that Victor recognized the error in his first creation. It is not the creation that was the problem. He obviously was more than capable of producing a counterpart for the first Monster, but realized that he could not provide the appropriate nurturing. He understood, finally, the main requirement of creation: the education and nurture of the creature to become what one intended for it to become, in other words, one has to finish the job. Just as with every human birth, one cannot just bring the creature into the world and let it fend for itself. Frankenstein saw the limitations he had as a creator and made the responsible decision to never repeat his mistake. While the original purpose of this essay was to elaborate on Shelley and the ideas she wrote about as a female, the themes of the novel are too universal to be pinned down as something only a female could create. Creation, it turns out, involves two parts: the first is the giving of life, and the second is the nurturing of life. As a female both of these are very prevalent, more so than with males, but this work shows that males are very responsible for creation. Maybe this entire book is a more than simple commentary on the need for males to step up into the second creation role to support their wives, or maybe it is just a good story about a monster and a man. Either way, Shelley produced a novel with incredibly far reaching themes which contains solid, undeniable arguments which were never touched by male authors, thus making Frankenstein one of the greatest novels of all time.

Impact of International Organizations

Impact of International Organizations The formation of international organizations in the 20th century brought about the requirement for governance, without governance you don’t have the organizations. A formal organization uses governance as its governing body; whereas an informal organization uses governance as a guide to the types of rules and regulations that are relevant to their activities. Regardless of the status of an organization, whether it is geo-political entity, socio-political entity or corporate, its governance will always be based on their actions and how the rules and regulations are fashioned, sustained and regulated. Any international organization can have an impact on world governance, there should be no defined positive or negative impacts as all organizations have differing agendas and policies and they are all out for achieve the best possible results, whereas one organization could see a positive impact on an organizations actions another organization may see this differently maybe as a negative impact, It is all down to perception. United Nations The United Nations role in world governance is very limited; they are only there in an advisory capacity. They have no authority to exert any powers on world governance, they are simply there to foster co-operation between national governments. Global terrorism became at its most prevalent in the 1960’s, whilst the United Nations condemned the Hijacking of El-Al-Israel flight 426, they didn’t intervene in the events, and took no further actions against the terrorists. The reason why United Nations has a lack of support and is failing to assert its influence on national politics, is because their whole mission for international peace and security is totally undermined by the fact that their own Counter Terrorism Chief Jean Paul Laborde was quoted as saying â€Å"Hamas is not a terrorist organization in the United Nations†¦we should talk to Hamas because once the Israeli-Palestinian issue is resolved, the threat of terrorism will diminish† (Greenfield, 2013). If your own Counter Terrorism Chief can’t see what the rest of the world can see then, why would anyone want to put their faith in the United Nations? Economically for the United Nations to have a chance at surviving they need to ensure that they are fighting the causes from within and all singing from the same song sheet, having internal squabbles and disagreements bring resentment from within and this isn’t an acceptable way to run an organization, they also need to have stronger and more manageable international policies, a focus should be made on improving the recovery of failing member states, and boosting economic trade agreements, thus alleviating the financial stresses on the smaller member states by improving their financial stability. The United Nations advisory capacity has no real effect on national policies as they cannot enforce rules and regulations, suggestions and recommendations can be put forward but they don’t have to be abided by. For the United Nations to be taken seriously they must work together with governments and create a stable and workable multilateral system, and the government must become accountable for their decisions in the international and domestic fields. If the United Nations can overcome their social and economic issues then they will find that their peace keeping efforts will become easier to manage as they won’t have the dilemma of sovereignty versus human security, if the United Nations cannot be granted permission to intervene by the member state that needs assistance then the dilemma of sovereignty comes into play, because despite human security being a high priority the United Nations are still powerless to intervene. European Union The European Union partakes in a wide range of policies, be it economic, social, regulatory or financial, they take action when its actions are beneficial to its member states. The formation of the European Union has shifted the balance of political power in favor of their European states, they have unified the value of money and Euro is now the second mostly commonly held currency with the dollar being the most. The creation of a single free market has pushed the quality of products up and the overall costs down and travel between European counties is at an all-time high due to the availability of cheap air travel. The European Union were hit with their biggest economic threat so far, in 2011 the Greek debt crisis spiraled out of control; it was triggered by the 2008 economic recession and was directly linked to the collapse of the Greek economy. Greece required be bailed out from this situation and turned to the European Union for assistance. However rising debts from Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain made people think that the EU’s economic model may not be working and that bailing out these countries may not be in the best interests of the European Union, people questioned why the EU was continuing to bail out countries that constantly spent their money recklessly and increased their own debts to unsustainable levels. There should never again be war in Europe (Malmstrà ¶m, 2008). The EU has forged greater co-operation and better communication from all EU members and has brought peace and prosperity to its members, most are no longer living in a war torn world. The EU security policy has broadened over the years and security policy today incorporates everything from traditional military power to vigorous climate change and environmental efforts. Over all despite the economic crisis that the EU suffered, they seem to be having a positive effect on national politics, granted not all governments agree on how things should be done but the EU has a diplomatic approach to resolving any disagreements. It is a progressive organization and like most has had teething trouble, some of their own making and some not. I think a review of some of their strategies and polices may further strengthen their standing in the political field. North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO’s role in world politics is dominated by their quest to prevent conflict, using democratic values, they push for greater communication and cooperation from member states to enable a sustained growth in resolving defense and security related issues. NATO’s influence in security issues is now on the decline, peacekeeping has been made easier by the many alliances that have now been forged. The war in Afghanistan has raged on for too long with little impact from NATO, they have been unable to defeat the Taliban, and when they pull out from Afghanistan, the Taliban will retake the areas that have been secured by NATO, undermining their whole effort. NATO is far from economically sound, if they were to forge better economic relations better and more secure transatlantic relationships between Europe and the United states, it would strengthen the global economic climate for all involved. A more economic NATO would enable better relations and aid NATO in securing better allies with Asia Pacific, whom are crucial to the world economy. NATO needs to expand their organization globally, as a regional organization they appear ineffective, If NATO can foster better relations in the Middle East it will not only boost them economically but also politically and will enhance their security efforts to a more global field. NATO need to be more economically viable to ensure they have the full support and backing of its members, they are losing people’s confidence as they seem ineffective in Afghanistan, they may have succeeded in other wars but this war is still raging and the people want to see an end, if there is no end then NATO will be seen as a failure. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC) The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC) plays a major role in the influence of world politics, they have the ability to control the production of oil and how the prices can fluctuate. OPEC must use its political diplomacy to maximize its revenue, alienating a country based on political differences can mean the difference between oil prices rising and slower and less economic sales. OPEC has had issues in the past with supply and demand, and this is destabilizing them as an organization, people are losing faith in them and seeking alternative options. The countries that participate in OPEC have complete sovereignty over there natural resources and policies and OPEC needs to work with the participating countries to safeguard the interests of the social and economic developments of prices. Whilst most of OPEC’s commodities come from developing countries there is an issue with those countries being able to consistently supply oil and petroleum, OPEC must attract buyers and these buyers will be concerned as to the overall safety of the products due to issues like war and political battles. In 1973 an oil embargo was put in place and lasted until 1974, this had a massive economic impact on OPEC, they forced companies to increase payment for oil and this pushed the price of oil up to $12 a barrel, this impacted negatively on the United States and forced them to readdress the economic threat posed to the U.S. energies security. OPEC needs to develop better legal and regulatory policies so that countries can continue to develop and work on improving their efficiency and affectability whilst reducing overall costs. They need to look long term at the risk analysis of developing countries, and ensure future projects are more economically and socially profitable. If OPEC can address jurisdictional border policies then this will enable then to have more conclusive trade market opportunities. Without this they are vulnerable. Organization of American States (OAS) The Organization of American States (OAS) role in world politics is very turbulent whilst they promote initiatives and oversee human rights and security in the Americas, they have shown weakness for political power and their decision making has been questioned, they require a unanimous vote to make any decisions and this voting method leads to many hold up and deliberations that are deemed unnecessary and delay any action that can be taken. This prompts distrust and allows its member to question their affectability in world politics. OAS’s ability to manage security and sovereignty issues was tested in 2009 when Honduras had a leadership crisis; OAS was forced to suspend Honduras from the organization after an issued ultimatum to reinstate exiled president Zelaya was dismissed by Zelayas opponents. OAS sent monitors to Honduras to oversee the constitutional referendum, this was done at Zelayas request and the referendum was seen as unconstitutional by congress, OAS systematically failed in their attempts to resolve the Honduras situation and proved that they are very limited to what they can actually do in a crisis management situation. The economic outlook for OAS is very poor; In 2011 Republican David Rivera was quoted as saying The [Organization of American States] is an enemy of the U.S. and an enemy to the interests of freedom and security, (Isacson, 2012)as he joined a majority vote to sever U.S funding of OAS. OAS has failed to prove conclusively its affectability in situations it has been faced with, it is held back by governmental policy constraints and without major changes could cease to function as an effective organization. Whilst OAS is effective in certain areas they have proved on numerous occasions to be ineffective in security, sovereignty and economic issues, they were threatened with having their funding removed, congress has ruled that some of the decisions they have made have been unconstitutional, and this has had a wide ranging effect on future political issue, as it has alienated some of the countries that are members of OAS. To prove effective OAS needs to show that they have full solidarity within member countries, so far they have failed to do this. Conclusion International organizations have a hard job of juggling what is expected of them versus what they can legally do, people want interventions from these organizations but don’t fully understand some of the constrains that hold them back. Most organizations don’t have the legal authority to enforce rules and regulations, they can make recommendations but if they aren’t followed there is no way of enforcing there disregard of the recommendations. Governments can remove financial backing from the countries that don’t follow the recommendations, this serves as a warning to other countries that failure to comply will result in further sanctions being imposed. International organizations have a varied impact on the world; the organizations need to have better multilateral government backing, because despite the entirely positive things they try to achieve there is always a negative aspect that is stopping them from fully achieving this. Citations Greenfield, D. (2013, July 01). New UN counterterror chief doesn’t believe Hamas is a terrorist group. Retrieved from http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/new-un-counterterror-chief-doesnt-believe-hamas-is-a-terrorist-group/ Malmstrà ¶m, C. (2008, March 12). The role of the EU in world politics. Retrieved from http://www.government.se/sb/d/7973/a/100668 Isacson, A. (2012, May 22). Conflict resolution in the Americas: The decline of the OAS. Retrieved from http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11979/conflict-resolution-in-the-americas-the-decline-of-the-OAS

Powerful Imagery and Settings in David Guterson’s Snow Falling on Cedar

Powerful Imagery and Settings in David Guterson’s Snow Falling on Cedars Snow Falling on Cedars, a novel by David Guterson, is a post World War II drama set in 1954 on the island of San Piedro in Washington State. The story’s focal point is the murder trial of Kabuo Miyamoto, who is accused of killing a fellow islander, Carl Heine, Jr., supposedly because of an old family feud over land. Although the trial is the main focus of the story, Guterson takes the reader back in time through flashbacks to tell a story of forbidden love involving two young islanders, Ishmael Chambers and Hatsue Imada (Kabuo’s future wife). At the time of their romance, interracial relationships were considered strictly taboo because of racial bias. It is through both this love story and Guterson’s remarkable use of setting and imagery that the reader is informed as to why racial prejudice is so high on the island of San Piedro at the time of the trial and why Kabuo is not merely on trial for Carl’s murder, but also for the color of his skin. While Snow Falling on Cedars has a well-rounded cast of characters, demands strong emotional reactions, and radiates the importance of racial equality and fairness, it is not these elements alone that make this tale stand far out from other similar stories. It is through Guterson’s powerful and detailed imagery and settings that this story really comes to life. The words, the way he uses them to create amazing scenes and scenarios in this story, makes visualizing them an effortless and enjoyable task. Streets are given names and surroundings, buildings are given color and history, fields and trees are given height and depth, objects are given textures and smells, and even the weather is given a purpose in the... ...ght out of the book and construct in front of the readers eyes, rather than form in the back of their minds. To sum up the overall experience that Snow Falling on Cedars delivers through imagery and setting would be to say that it is like a pop-up book for adults, without the need for the pop-up feature. Racial tension is not something that can be imagined or understood without some sort of emotional history or background attached to it. Emotions like hatred or others, such as desire, that the characters feel for one another, would feel shallow and empty without the descriptions that make them seem real and understandable. All these elements need to be present in order for the story to carry itself and the reader through to the end. Snow Falling on Cedars does that and more. Work Cited Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.

With Reference to Alternative Research, Critically Assess Bennett-Levy and Marteau’s Research

There is much research to support the idea of preparedness in the acquisition of phobias, just like Bennett-levy and Marteau have done, however many studies use non-human animals, and use experimental research methods. Cook & Mineka (1989) found that rhesus monkeys could acquire fear through social learning to fear relevant stimuli (toy snakes and crocodiles) but not of fear-irrelevant stimuli (flowers and a toy rabbit). Subsequently, Cook & Mineka (1990), again using rhesus monkeys, showed them edited videotapes of models reacting fearfully to toy snakes and non-fearfully to artificial flowers or vice versa.The observers only acquired a fear in the former condition, i. e. when they watched a monkey responding with fear to a snake. However, there is experimental research that shows that humans can show preparedness. Ohman and Soares (1998) showed that participants could be conditioned more quickly when associated with fear-relevant material, e. g. pictures of snakes or spiders, than when paired with fear-irrelevant material, e. g. picture of flowers or mushrooms. Again showing that fear is more readily associated with some things but not others.Bennett-Levy and Marteau deliberately removed the idea that the animals were harmful; however is this not a reason to fear an animal? One biological imperative for fear is risk of disease. Matchett & Davey (1991) and Ware et al (1994) looked at the relationship between animal fears relating to contamination and to likelihood of attack. They investigated fear of predatory animals and other fear-relevant animals. Both groups of animals elicited fear but only the animals carrying a risk of disease also elicited disgust.Those participants with the greatest fear of the ‘disgusting’ animals also scored highly on scales such as fear of illness and obsessive washing. Further support for this idea comes from Davey et al (1998) who conducted a cross-cultural study into animal fears. They found that, although cultures share fear for animals which are fierce, the greatest similarity was in those eliciting disgust; again indicating a link between phobias and animal-borne disease. The distinction between fear of fierce and infection-risk animals is demonstrated by experimental evidence from Davey et al (2003).They found that people will tend to become classically conditioned to pain responses associated with predatory animals (i. e. fierce ones). Disgustrelated unconditioned stimuli, however, were more readily associated with lowpredation animals (i. e. ones with a disease risk) than with safe ones. There does seem to be reasons for fearing animals, but in the modern comfortable existence that many enjoy, there are few natural things that will damage us and we have little reason to fear, but phobias are one of the commonest disorders in our society.

A Summer’s Reading-Plot Essay

Setting Nearly four years ago, George Stoyonovich had quit high school â€Å"on an impulse† when he was sixteen. â€Å"This summer† [the beginning of the story] is a hard time for jobs and George, now â€Å"close to twenty†, has none. Having no money to spend, he stays off the streets and spends most of the day in his room. Sophie urges him to read some â€Å"worthwhile books† but he is in no mood for them: â€Å"Lately he couldn’t stand made-up stories, they got on his nerves.† Rising Action- Events â€Å"Then one night† George sees Mr. Cattanzara, a little drunk, walking toward him. He hands a nickel to George, saying â€Å"Go buy yourself a lemon ice, George,† as he used to do when George was a â€Å"squirt.† Asked to name one book on the list he has read so far, George cannot answer. After saying, â€Å"George, don’t do what I did,† Mr. Cattanzara leaves. One evening, while on his walk, George meets Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. George tells him that he is reading one hundred great books in the library list. He wants Mr. Cattanzara to respect him. â€Å"After that†, George does nothing different from usual but he finds the people in the neighborhood start calling him â€Å"a good boy.† He feels himself being respected because of the books he is not reading. â€Å"As the summer went on George felt in a good mood about things.† He occasionally buys paperback books but he never gets around to reading them. Yet, â€Å"he could could feel approval on all sides.† â€Å"For a few weeks† he talks only once with Mr. Cattanzara, who says nothing about the books. George decides to stay away from â€Å"the change maker.† â€Å"The next night† George is afraid to leave his room. Sophie finds out that his brother is not reading a single book on the list and calls him a â€Å"bum.† â€Å"One night,† after staying in his room â€Å"for almost a week† George sneaks to the park unable to stand the heat. Unexpectedly, he finds people still friendly to him. A man on a street corner asks him if it is true that â€Å"he had finished reading so many books.† â€Å"After a couple of days,† George sees Mr. Cattanzara again. He feels that Mr. Cattanzara â€Å"had started the rumor that he had finished all the books.† â€Å"One evening in the fall,† George runs to the library and â€Å"though he was struggling to control an inward trembling, he easily counted off a hundred, and then sat down at a table to read.†

MallarmePoet essays

MallarmePoet essays Stphane Mallarm, a French poet, became one of the most important masters of French symbolism, a nineteenth-century movement in poetry that stressed impressions and moods rather than descriptions of reality (Online). The poetry of Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, and others strongly affected Mallarms writing (Online). He used symbolism to represent human emotions to make his poems unclear, thus avoiding direct communication with his readers (Online Mallarm was born in Paris on March 18, 1842 (Online). After his mother died when he was seven years old, his grandmother became his parental role model. His education included upper-class boarding schools where he often felt out of place because of his middle class background. When he was fifteen, the death of his younger sister, Maria, greatly influenced his poetic development. He turned from Romantic lyricism to much more morbid subjects like Baudelaires Les fleurs du mal. In 1860, he received his baccalaureate degree from a lycee in Sens. After an apprenticeship in the Registrys office, in 1862 he had his first sonnet published in Le papillon, a literary journal. In 1862 Mallarm married Maria Gerhard and became a teacher in Tournon. The difficult duties of teaching often interrupted his poetic work and thoughts. Although his students made fun of him, Mallarm was not discouraged and continued his writing. After translating Edgar Allan Poes English poems into French, Mallarms chief influence became Poe rather than Baudelaire. He began to compose long imaginative poems and a prose poem called Herodiade, the biblical story of Salome who caused John the Baptists murder. Then he wrote his best-known poem LAprs-midi dun faune (Afternoon of a Faun), which explores the difference between reality and fantasy (World...

Leading A Diverse Workforce Example

Leading A Diverse Workforce Example Leading A Diverse Workforce – Coursework Example LEADING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE Diversity is a phenomenon that is found in almost every kind of organization. As a matter of fact, diversity is not limited to certain organizations by virtue of whether they are publicly known or privately owned (Handler, 2012). Even among family businesses which are types of privately owned companies, there is the likelihood that diversity would exist among the employees and workers. The reason why this is so, is that the term diversity cuts across several areas in an organization. Some of these areas are in ethnicity, gender, educational background, culture, and religious beliefs. One of the entities of an organization that diversity facilitates most is in the area of organizational change. Diversity facilities organizational change because it is one reason for which there must be as many changes as possible to ensure that the interest of all diverse groups of people are met (Gardener, 2006). Despite this general idea of facilitation of organizational c hange, diversity could also be a reason why the successful implementation of organizational change may be difficult. Commonly, for any given organization that must experience change, all interest groups who make up the diversity tend to have higher expectations of how the organizational changes should benefit them. To this end, there is the tendency that if after the change a particular group feels aggrieved that the changes did not come to their benefit; they may refuse to comply with the new changes. When such acts continue, they could lead to organizational conflicts of different forms (IOM, 2006). The best way to tackle this situation is to ensure that all interest groups have a representation at the decision level before the changes are effected. REFERENCE LISTGardener T. E (2006). Preventing Organizational Errors: Quality chasm series. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies: New YorkHandler, S., (2012). Enhancing the detection and management of adverse drug events in nursing homes. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from IOM (Institute of Medicine). (2000). To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

A Career in Music Management

While music management work is a very challenging task, the music industry is one of the most rewarding businesses, and after getting a job it becomes difficult to get used to and maintain it There is a possibility. There are usually six music managers that can play a part in the career of recording artists, record producers, songwriters, and musicians. These include music managers, professional musicians, business managers, road managers, travel managers, production managers, and technical managers. There are various experts (talent managers, artists and track managers, business managers, entertainment lawyers) who support singers and musicians in the music career, people who play audio or video music contents (satellite, Internet radio Bureau, radio station and television station, music journalist and music critic, DJ, music educator and teacher, instrument manufacturer, etc. In addition to companies and artists working in the music industry to earn income and income, There are man y organizations that play an important role in the music industry, including musician associations (eg American Musicians Association) than performance groups (eg American composer, writer, publisher association) and other associations (eg , International Female Music Alliance, Women Non-profit organization that supports the composers and musicians) The music industry is full of music and there are lots of music made by artists and music producers. Music managers are not just signing someone on their music management company. Music managers can include a variety of projects such as recording studios, record companies, singers, musicians, live organizers, music publishers, producers, music managers, agents, music supervisors. If you are a music manager to preserve your music career, you need to learn, understand and truly understand the music business. After all, the role of music manager is to form a career of multiple artists, songwriters, musicians.

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example Portability is regarded as a key facet of mobile computing (International Association of Medical Science Educators, n.d.). This paper intends to provide a discussion about mobile computing. The discussion comprises recognizing the significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities and related threats associated with mobile computing for the users. The other aim of the study would be to describe the procedures and policies that can effectively facilitate to manage the level of associated risk. The affect on customer satisfaction due to the implementation of policies and procedures would also be evaluated. Significant Cyber Security Vulnerability and Aassociated Threats in Mobile Computing From the previous two eras the status and significance of laptops and notebooks have been increasing day-by-day. The sales of laptops, notebooks, tablet computer, smartphone, and personal digital assistants have increased in different countries as compared to the sales of desktops, which are going down increa singly because these devices provide the users an option of portability. The mobile computers such as tablet computer provide better facilities for storing the data in abundance than the desktops along with providing an option of portability. However, with the numerous benefits associated with mobile computing devices there raises certain critical vulnerabilities that require to be addressed. Mobile computing vulnerabilities can be classified into three major categories which are physical vulnerability, system vulnerability and network access vulnerability. A description of these vulnerabilities has been provided below: Physical Vulnerability Tablet computer, smartphones and notebooks among others are mobile devices which are taken by professionals and also different individuals when they are travelling or are used them at home. These devices or products can be lost or stolen anywhere. Physical vulnerability is associated with lots of discrepancies such as the loss of information an d data which are important and the loss of hardware is also a vital element resulting in vulnerability. When laptops are kept open as well as unattended, physical vulnerability can occur as different relevant data becomes exposed to threat and network access can be done by others using the device. Thus, it is important for the system administrators to make the users aware of this mobile computing threat and to observe that the information which a user is receiving are kept safely without being exposed to others and the rooms should be locked when the users are not in touch with their belongings (Asllani & Ali, 2011). System Vulnerability Laptop or mobile computing systems are vulnerable like any other computing system in an organization. A review has been made recently on the vulnerability and it is recognized that the vulnerabilities can occur when the security patches and updates are missing, when the patches become obsolete or applied in a wrong way, the

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Book Review - Essay Example motive behind a criminal assault, and how the criminals are rescued and supported by the statute of the law and provisions of the jurisprudence, which turn the judicial trial into a highly complex phenomenon. While elaborating the court trial of a murder case, the novel discusses and explores the manners, under which the professionals related to the field of law and justice, perform their activities, forgetting about legal ethics they are bound to observe in while performing their duties and obligations. The novel also describes the problems faced by the accused, defendants and convicts, and projects the role of lawyers and judges during various phases of the court trial. The author points out the flaws and weaknesses the contemporary justice system that it contains in its fold, prevailing in the American society. The story of the novel revolves round the protagonist Paul Biegler, a small town lawyer, who takes the case of the alleged murderer Lt. Frederick Manion. Lt. Manion has murdered a bar owner named Barney Quill, and takes the plea that he had caught Quill red-handed while raping his wife Laura Manion. Since the rape of his wife is quite an intolerable thing for a husband, it also compelled him commit the murder of the rapist; hence, Manion pleads that his offence serves as an immediate reaction to the rape of his wife. Laura also supports her husband in his plea that Quill had raped her, though the medico-legal report finds no clue of any rape with Laura at all. During the trial, the lawyer Mr. Biegler collects sufficient evidences of the murder incident, in order to set his client free from the murder case, but he explores the very fact that Laura is not the woman of strong character, and was indulged in sexual relationships with many men including the murdered bar owner Quill. Hence , her husband has killed Barney Quill out of sheer feelings of jealousy and resentment he maintains for Quill, the paramour of his wife. Since there are no solid grounds on

Why the North won the American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why the North won the American Civil War - Essay Example To be objective, it is very important to take into account not only military events, but the "roots of success" resulted in victory of the North. The analysis of the first set of reasons includes political, economic, social and industrial sphere and conditions which had a great influence on both parties1. 1. Manpower and resources. The strength of the North was that it remained the core of the nation. In contrast, the Southern states, separated form the Union, were perceived as the mutinous party. The conservative North, embodied social and political customs and tradition, represented a strong power and reliability for many American citizens. This psychological perception of the differences between the South and North strengthened the positions of the North as the custodian of peace and constancy. The social priorities were supported by economic development of the North which always plays a major role considered as the main indicator of future success or failure of a country. The main advantage of the North, which undoubtedly supported its victory, was the fact that the North had occupied a stronger position in the economic and political spheres of life. The North had started to dominate after the Constitution was adopted by all of the States in 1789, uniting the States into one nation. In a century, the North was considered as the political center of the nation and nobody doubted its superiority over the Southern part. . Of cause, there were some differences between the States which had been worked out through compromises, but it could not undermine the authority of the North. The main advantage of the North was its developing industry, which supported the rapid economic growth of this region, and manufacturing of ammunition so important for the North troops during the war. In contrast to agrarian South the level of the North economic development was higher and more stable. And when during the war time the south needed financing, "almost 60 per cent was derived from the issue of paper money, about 30 per cent from the sale of bonds, and less than 5 per cent from taxation (the remaining 5 percent from miscellaneous sources.) In contrast, the income of North in "13 per cent was raised by paper money, 62 per cent by bonds, and 21 per centby taxes (and 4 per cent by other means)"2 This financial data depicts the main advantage of the North, relied much more upon taxation and borrowing and less upon government notes as South did. It is a well known fact that industry is not influenced greatly by external environmental changes as the agriculture (droughts, bad harvest), and in this very case the positions of North were stronger, and resulted in accumulation of huge resources which South was not able to obtain. As industry in the North expanded it looked towards southern markets, rich with cash from the lucrative agricultural business, to buy the North's manufactured goods. However, it was often cheaper for the South to purchase the goods abroad. 2 1Richard N. Current, The History of Wisconsin Volume II. The Civil War Era, 1848- 1873. (Madison: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976), 3. 2Gabor S. Boritt, ed. Why the Civil War Came

New York Computer Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New York Computer Forensics - Essay Example New York Computer Forensics Company has skilled and expert computer forensic staff and experts. These people effectively utilize the proven methods and sophisticated software, and tools which can be used to analyze and retrieve the entire data on a crime scene system to as absolute level as probable. In this scenario, this kind of material can include deleted files and e-mail and logs and other details that can be related to the problems and issues being examined. In addition, experience in a variety of investigation scenarios over the years has permitted and skilled New York Computer Forensic Services to build up procedures and started measures that make results matchless in the Computer Forensics field (Global Digital Forensics, 2012).Services offeredThe reality is that almost all information and data formed in this day as well as age is in the form of electronic design. Additionally, New York Computer Forensic Services support a wide variety of businesses in all aspects of compute r forensic authentication achievement, protection, and arrangement by minimizing expenditures and making sure that proof does not become tainted. In addition, New York Computer Forensic Services Company specializes in a number of forensic services, which are: (Global Digital Forensics, 2012)Â   Guidance Software Professional Services Company offers their clients most effective and direct access to technical capability with a personalized practice that enhance their return on business investment.... ly, New York Computer Forensic Services support a wide variety of businesses in all aspects of computer forensic authentication achievement, protection, and arrangement by minimizing expenditures and making sure that proof does not become tainted. In addition, New York Computer Forensic Services Company specializes in a number of forensic services, which are: (Global Digital Forensics, 2012) E-mail Forensics Computer Forensics Network Forensics Data Acquisition Full Computer Forensic Investigations Evidence Processing Database Forensics Backup Tape Analysis Correlation and Link Analysis Forensic Analysis Expert Testimony Guidance Software Professional Services Guidance Software Professional Services Company offers their clients most effective and direct access to technical capability with a personalized practice that enhance their return on business investment as well as speeds-up their time to value. In addition, using the Professional Services from Guidance, business employees atta in a trusted consultant to meet their objectives in all regions of digital analysis of any walk of life. Additionally, the Guidance Software Advisory Program (GAP) is aimed at ensuring successful acceptance and implementation of the EnCase application suite of the software system into a company’s business operations and processes. Moreover, the tactic of Guidance Software Professional Services for investigation is based on examine, plan, and frequent assessment of procedures enhancement and risk (Guidance Software, 2012). Services Offered There are many services and support areas offered by Guidance Software Professional Services Company. Given below are some of them: (Guidance Software, 2012) Casework Services Implementation Services Cyber Security Assessment Services Data Mapping

International banking law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International banking law - Essay Example The objective of the Basel Committee’s reform package is to improve the banking sector’s ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, whatever the source, thus reducing the risk of spill over from the financial sector to the real economy (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2009). This paper shall present a critical analysis of the proposals and finally make a determination of its efficacy, practicability and compliance amongst the banking sector around the world. The repeated and continuing onslaught of economic stressors starting from the past decade has left the banking industry more fragile. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has long recognized its role in providing guidance not only to banks but also to regulators to ensure that the banking system remains not only resilient in the face of economic slowdown or down turn but also to be more prudent in their fiscal management. The viability of the Basel Committee’s previous recommendations and proposal was regarded as the cure for the ailing global banking industry however, Basel III’s round of proposal are too complex (Allen, Chan, Milne, & Thomas, 2010) BASEL III Proposals Emerging from the three pillars of Basel II that would include (1) risk management; (2) regulatory governance; and (3) corporate governance that aims to ensure the risk sensitivity of capital allocation, quantification and separation of operational risk and credit risk, and lastly to align regulatory arbitrage. Basel III has the following proposal that aim to strengthen the international Banking industry further. 1. Capital Base Learning from its experiences in the past, the banking industry which have faced several global financial crisis have determined that the capital base of some banks are of insufficient quality. Normally these are the banks that are considered as the ground zero of the financial crisis. These banks are then forced to rebuild their capital base at a ti me when it is hard to do so. Governments are then forced to intervene that may save the situation temporarily however the domino effect of the whole financial industry will just make matters worse (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2009). A key element and rationale of this proposal is that common equity is still regarded as the highest quality component of capital due to its peculiar nature of absorbing losses when they occur, full flexibility of dividend payments and lastly it has no maturity date. It makes sense to use it as an instrument to ensure a bank’s liquidity. The proposal also emphasize that the creative way of firming up capital with non-common equity to meet regulatory requirement should be limited. However, regulators should also take into consideration another form of high quality equity that can be converted into common equity these are equity coming from mutual funds and cooperatives. Responding to the growing concern on security the proposal also stre ssed the need for full disclosure of the nature of capitalization. Capitalization Tier 1 capitalization refers to the actual common equity of a bank. In the current practice equity can be in a form of bond, stocks, tradable financial paper and other similar instruments. The very nature of the tradable instruments is the variability of its value. BASEL III has

Why the North won the American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why the North won the American Civil War - Essay Example To be objective, it is very important to take into account not only military events, but the "roots of success" resulted in victory of the North. The analysis of the first set of reasons includes political, economic, social and industrial sphere and conditions which had a great influence on both parties1. 1. Manpower and resources. The strength of the North was that it remained the core of the nation. In contrast, the Southern states, separated form the Union, were perceived as the mutinous party. The conservative North, embodied social and political customs and tradition, represented a strong power and reliability for many American citizens. This psychological perception of the differences between the South and North strengthened the positions of the North as the custodian of peace and constancy. The social priorities were supported by economic development of the North which always plays a major role considered as the main indicator of future success or failure of a country. The main advantage of the North, which undoubtedly supported its victory, was the fact that the North had occupied a stronger position in the economic and political spheres of life. The North had started to dominate after the Constitution was adopted by all of the States in 1789, uniting the States into one nation. In a century, the North was considered as the political center of the nation and nobody doubted its superiority over the Southern part. . Of cause, there were some differences between the States which had been worked out through compromises, but it could not undermine the authority of the North. The main advantage of the North was its developing industry, which supported the rapid economic growth of this region, and manufacturing of ammunition so important for the North troops during the war. In contrast to agrarian South the level of the North economic development was higher and more stable. And when during the war time the south needed financing, "almost 60 per cent was derived from the issue of paper money, about 30 per cent from the sale of bonds, and less than 5 per cent from taxation (the remaining 5 percent from miscellaneous sources.) In contrast, the income of North in "13 per cent was raised by paper money, 62 per cent by bonds, and 21 per centby taxes (and 4 per cent by other means)"2 This financial data depicts the main advantage of the North, relied much more upon taxation and borrowing and less upon government notes as South did. It is a well known fact that industry is not influenced greatly by external environmental changes as the agriculture (droughts, bad harvest), and in this very case the positions of North were stronger, and resulted in accumulation of huge resources which South was not able to obtain. As industry in the North expanded it looked towards southern markets, rich with cash from the lucrative agricultural business, to buy the North's manufactured goods. However, it was often cheaper for the South to purchase the goods abroad. 2 1Richard N. Current, The History of Wisconsin Volume II. The Civil War Era, 1848- 1873. (Madison: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976), 3. 2Gabor S. Boritt, ed. Why the Civil War Came

International banking law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International banking law - Essay Example The objective of the Basel Committee’s reform package is to improve the banking sector’s ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, whatever the source, thus reducing the risk of spill over from the financial sector to the real economy (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2009). This paper shall present a critical analysis of the proposals and finally make a determination of its efficacy, practicability and compliance amongst the banking sector around the world. The repeated and continuing onslaught of economic stressors starting from the past decade has left the banking industry more fragile. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has long recognized its role in providing guidance not only to banks but also to regulators to ensure that the banking system remains not only resilient in the face of economic slowdown or down turn but also to be more prudent in their fiscal management. The viability of the Basel Committee’s previous recommendations and proposal was regarded as the cure for the ailing global banking industry however, Basel III’s round of proposal are too complex (Allen, Chan, Milne, & Thomas, 2010) BASEL III Proposals Emerging from the three pillars of Basel II that would include (1) risk management; (2) regulatory governance; and (3) corporate governance that aims to ensure the risk sensitivity of capital allocation, quantification and separation of operational risk and credit risk, and lastly to align regulatory arbitrage. Basel III has the following proposal that aim to strengthen the international Banking industry further. 1. Capital Base Learning from its experiences in the past, the banking industry which have faced several global financial crisis have determined that the capital base of some banks are of insufficient quality. Normally these are the banks that are considered as the ground zero of the financial crisis. These banks are then forced to rebuild their capital base at a ti me when it is hard to do so. Governments are then forced to intervene that may save the situation temporarily however the domino effect of the whole financial industry will just make matters worse (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2009). A key element and rationale of this proposal is that common equity is still regarded as the highest quality component of capital due to its peculiar nature of absorbing losses when they occur, full flexibility of dividend payments and lastly it has no maturity date. It makes sense to use it as an instrument to ensure a bank’s liquidity. The proposal also emphasize that the creative way of firming up capital with non-common equity to meet regulatory requirement should be limited. However, regulators should also take into consideration another form of high quality equity that can be converted into common equity these are equity coming from mutual funds and cooperatives. Responding to the growing concern on security the proposal also stre ssed the need for full disclosure of the nature of capitalization. Capitalization Tier 1 capitalization refers to the actual common equity of a bank. In the current practice equity can be in a form of bond, stocks, tradable financial paper and other similar instruments. The very nature of the tradable instruments is the variability of its value. BASEL III has

More impotant than a baby sitter Essay Example for Free

More impotant than a baby sitter Essay In today’s world we live our lives constantly wondering what we can do to better ourselves or our children. When in fact we should be concerned with what we didn’t do already. Pet scans and other research show that from birth to age 6 are the most crucial years for brain development. At just the age of three, a child’s brain is twice as active as the average adult brain and it stays that way for the first decade of life. With the world at its most competitive period, we want our children to be as logical and knowledgeable as possible. Preschools are a great way to focus on the essential components that allow a child’s brain to develop. Even though some parents treat preschool as a baby sitter, they may be missing the bigger picture that these great facilities are making. Babies are born learning, they make synapses connections throughout the day. And these connections are only made if they are a repetitive action, like putting the square block through the square hole. This is considered the â€Å"wiring† of the child’s brain and only takes place during the young years. Teachers know this and make the children preform the repetitive actions so the connections they are experiencing are strong and last throughout the rest of their lives. Preschoolers learn so much so fast it’s like they are making leaps in their education. If everyone was educated starting at the preschool level who knows how much more successful and developed this world would be. Preschools offer a safe environment for children to interact for maybe even the first time. This one on one contact is for proper development; the child learns how to wait, take turns and how to listen. This helps determine personality for the long run of the pupil’s life. These experiences must happen during preschool age to have a long term effect and the child benefit. Children also learn motor skills in preschool and the soft; child friendly rooms prevent any accidents or damage to their fragile bodies. They are able to try new movements and exercise their motor skills all while having fun. Music is another item introduced to the children for the first time. Musically inclined people have found to be introduced to music at a very early age according to Educational Expert Barbra Callaghan. And music has positive effects with originality and creativity. And it’s hard to call it a preschool without arts and crafts, this type of hand eye coordination goes hand and hand with the skills learned from music. Music is also a great tool for memorization, face it, when you think about the alphabet that same tune they play in preschools comes to mind. It also teaches rhythm and tempo and stimulates their brain to perform as a â€Å"sponge† to soak up information in large amounts. The first day of kindergarten can be extremely confusing and overwhelming for some children, but for children that have been enrolled in preschool it’s just a lot bigger building with new people. Preschool has been called the â€Å"boot camp of education†, because it is designed relatively similar to elementary school. And the statistics prove preschool helps in the success of public school. In 2009 a study by Duke University showed that in America, 59% of high school graduates were exposed to preschool at some time, and 41% received no education prior to kindergarten. That’s an astounding number considering the high school dropout rate in 2009 was 16% according to CNN, and it’s safe to say more than half of them were not exposed to preschool in their younger years. Preschools are designed to be â€Å"fun† for small children, and they are. But the children are learning things they will need for the rest of their lives without even realizing. Almost every situation life brings to us on a daily basis can be traced back to the developmental years that take place during preschool. Whether it’s to help you develop independence, concentration, or even your academic foundation is developed in preschool. Think about all the children that are neglected of this solid start to education. Preschool has a greater purpose than being a babysitter; It’s something we can use to better ourselves for more breakthroughs with medicine and even discoveries of a new energy. It all starts at preschool, all babies are willing to learn its natural, we just have to give them the chance. Works Cited ARSLAN, EMEL, NESLIHAN DURMUSOGLU-SALTALI, and HASAN YILMAZ. Social Skills And Emotional And Behavioral Traits Of Preschool Children. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal 39. 9 (2011): 1281-1287. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. Callaghan, Barbara. The Benefits of Preschool. FamilyEducation. com. Pearson Education, 05 Nov. 2009. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. . Jackson, Marshall J. Brain Development. Birth to Six. Multnomah County Library, 03 May 2010. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. . Lynch, Robert G. The Economic Policy Institute. Economic Policy Institute. Economic Policy Institute, Oct. 2004. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . Williams, Jessie. High School Dropouts Rise. CNN. Cable News Network, 05 May 2009. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . `

An Activity For Enjoyment Children And Young People Essay

An Activity For Enjoyment Children And Young People Essay Play defined as an activity for enjoyment. Children and babies develop language and social skills through reading books and play. Through play and reading books, children develop maturity and socialization. These social activities will enhance their physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. I will be going to talk about how Dora the Explorer television program I have chosen helps the children to influence their physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development through play. How to read books to children enhances language development and language skills for children with using different reading strategies. Finally, I will be explaining the knowledge of play and language development for babies and children that may influence my future practice as a health professional. Child supporters must consider all factors that interfere with optimal development and provide circumstances that allow each child to obtain fully the advantages associated with play and r eading. Play is the most important part of the childs development. Play allows the children to enhance their physical development, psychosocial development and cognitive development. Most parents see cartoons with their children as a way to help their child learn. I have watched many children television program like blues clues, the go show, and Dora the explorer, to understand how these television programs get children to contact with aspects of life. Dora the explorer is an animated childrens television show. Dora the explorer show programmed to engage preschooler activities in a play-along, computer-style adventure. Dora the explorer is an example of physical development. Physical development focuses on the physical growth and the development of both gross motor skills (e.g. walking, jumping) and fine motor skills (e.g. Finger movements, eye coordination) control of the body. Dora the explorer on-screen character talking to the child encourage the child to take part, label objects, songs and dance actions allows for movements with control and coordination. Dora the explorer animated also influences the cognitive development theory, cognitive theory is a change and stability in mental ability such as learning, thinking, and memory. The Dora the explorer allows the children to think of a way to get to their destination so this helps children gaining knowledge and solving problem in daily life, which enhances their memory capability. Television provides the children with a valuable tool at home for great learning. Another theory is influences psychosocial development by Erik Erikson to get through the idea of personality. Watching and learning from on screen shows allow children to gain knowledge of social learning theory; this enhances their self-esteem, learning about the culture and society and teaches them how to interact with people. Children learn from TV shows how and when to show the emotions. These allow the children to encourage self-awareness about the world around them. Reading books to young children is the best way to promote language development and language skills like speaking, reading, and listening. Reading books to children at home can encourage their reading skills. Books should have something like shapes, short stories, pictures that children will find interesting, enjoyable, and fun. This will help develop a sense of reader appreciation. When children have books in their home, they are more likely to sit down and read them. Parents can and should encourage an appreciation for reading. When reading a book to child the reader needs to keep few things in mind for better result. The books you choose for the children need to be short and simple, attractive, use appropriate language, speak clearly, slowly, and use expression. Reading books to children that influence the social learning theory by Albert bandura. In social learning theory Albert Bandura (1977) states behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational le arning. Children observe the people around them behaving in various ways (McLeod, 2011). Children learn many different ways, some learn quickly by visibly for example books that got colors, picture, and shapes with it and some learn verbally for example- imitating the expression and words. Using various techniques to enhance language development, tunes of the voice and getting them to turn the page that influences the theory of positive reinforcement. If imitated behaviors and consequence are satisfying so the child is likely to perform behaviors. If parents are encouraging and giving them positive feedback then the behavior is likely to repeat as it provides the child with strengths. Simply using booking reading tool at home helps them learn. Book reading is good for a childs development to gain imagination. Children are very sensitive. We need to handle them with care. So far, the information I have gained through the education of play and language development of babies and children provided me with a greater understanding that could influence my future practice as a health professional. Skills that I have gained from the knowledge of reading books to children are to create an environment that allows children to understand their personality, which will help children to be more interactive. As a health professional, I build a warm and open environment for children to bring out their ideas. In order to achieve my nursing practice do this use the techniques like distractions, communication, and education. Conversation with children, asking questions with slow pace and allowing them to answer. This will enhance their understanding while mine. The skills I learned from the play are that children are very attractive colors, toys etc. by using play to help nursing practice can enable you me to complete difficult tasks with children like taking medicine, I can get the child to cat like a super hero and be strong and asking them to stand straight like a strong soldier. These skills can help me to build a relationship when I am working or handling kids. Building a relationship creates an environment where children feel secure take risks. In my conclusion, play is a cherished part of childhood that offers children important developmental benefits and parents the opportunity to engage fully with their children. Influence their physical development, Cognitive development and psychosocial development. Play allows children to learn new things and to understand the world around them. Reading Books is another important aspect to enhance their development. Reading books to children will help children gain language skills. I have gained many skills that can be relevant or may influence my nursing practice as a health professional .The knowledge of children and babies and about their play and book reading. I learned many techniques that will make my nursing practice easier when I have to assess children and babies. Techniques like distracting children into something, communicating. Communicating likes having a conversation about their favorite shows and asking them questions.

Sam Rayburn :: Essays Papers

Sam Rayburn Samuel "Sam" Taliaferro Rayburn was born in Tennessee in 1882. He was the eighth of 11 children. When Sam was 5 he moved west with his family to a 40-acre cotton farm just outside the small community of Flag Springs, Texas. At the age of 18, Sam left the family farm and went to East Texas Normal College in Commerce. His father sent him off with $25 and he added to that by sweeping school rooms, ringing the class bell and building fires in school stoves. After a year of college, he paid debts and earned more money teaching in Greenwood, Texas. He then returned to Commerce and finished his three-year degree in two years. Sam first ran for public office in 1906 when he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives. While serving in the legislature, he attended and graduated from law school at the University of Texas in Austin. After two terms as State Representative, Sam was reelected to serve as speaker of the Texas House. He was only 29 at this time. In 1912, Sam ran for the U.S. House of Representatives. After winning that election, he, as a Democrat never again faced a Republican opponent. During his 48 years in the House, Rayburn served as minority leader for four years, majority leader for three years, and speak for 17 years. Even though he was a Democrat for life, he tended to be more moderate on most issues and he was never afraid to be independent or cut across party lines about any specific issue. This earned him respect from both sides of the House floor. His legislative accomplishments include authorship of the Truth in Securities Act of 1933 and the Railroad Holding Company Bill. A year after those he authored bills that created the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Communications Commission. In 1935, he co-authored the Rural Electrification Act, which helped to bring electricity to most rural homes in America. As Democratic majority leader, Sam Rayburn guided President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs through the U.S. House. On the personal side, Sam Rayburn was briefly married to Metze Jones, the sister of Rep. Marvin Jones of Amarillo. They were married in October of 1927 and divorced about 10 weeks later. On November 16, 1961, Samuel Rayburn died from cancer of the pancreas.

Physics Investigation of Stopping Distances :: Papers

Physics Investigation of Stopping Distances Aim === To investigate how a toy car's stopping distance is affected by its vertical height Hypothesis The greater an object's gravitational potential energy the longer it will take to cease all movement. This is because it will have more kinetic energy - and if we assume that the energy is removed at a constant rate by friction then the more kinetic energy an object has the longer it will continue moving Background knowledge This experiment will be looking at the transfer of energy from gravitational potential energy (gpe) to kinetic energy (ke) and the effect of friction on the loss of kinetic energy. gpe = mass (kg) X force of gravity (9.18N per kg on Earth) X the object's vertical height (m) This means that the more vertical height an object gains the greater its gpe is. Friction applies an opposite force to a moving object, which means the object will loose energy faster than usual. The greater the friction the faster the energy loss. Equipment Toy car, 2 wooden bards (1m long 40cm wide), metre ruler, several textbooks of equal size ('physics in action'), a set of scales Method 1. Record weight of car 2. Using the formula for gpe calculate the car's gpe 3. Set up the boards and books as seen below so that the start point is at the required height 4. Hold car at start point and release 5. Record the distance travelled across the flat board [IMAGE] Fair test variables  · Same equipment for each test - different cars will perform differently, different boards will give different amounts of friction  · Start point on board - if the car travels a different distance on the sloped board before it runs on the flat board than it will be affected by gravity differently and this will change the results  · The same person should release the car each time and in the same way

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER ELEVEN SAYSHELL

SAYSHELL Janov Pelorat watched, for the first time in his life, as the bright star graduated into an orb after what Trevize had called a â€Å"micro-Jump.† The fourth planet – the habitable one and their immediate destination, Sayshell – then grew in size and prominence more slowly – over a period of days. A map of the planet had been produced by the computer and was displayed on a portable screening device, which Pelorat held in his lap. Trevize – with the aplomb of someone who had, in his time, touched down upon several dozen worlds – said, â€Å"Don't start watching too hard too soon, Janov. We have to go through the entry station first and that can be tedious.† Pelorat looked up. â€Å"Surely that's just a formality.† â€Å"It is. But it can still be tedious.† â€Å"But it's peacetime.† â€Å"Of course. That means we'll be passed through. First, though, there's a little matter of the ecological balance. Every planet has its own and they don't want it upset. So they make a natural point of checking the ship for undesirable organisms, or infections. It's a reasonable precaution.† â€Å"We don't have such things, it seems to me.† â€Å"No, we don't and they'll find that out. Remember, too, that Sayshell is not a member of the Foundation Federation, so there's certain to be some leaning over backward to demonstrate their independence.† A small ship came out to inspect them and a Sayshellian Customs official boarded. Trevize was brisk, not having forgotten his military days. â€Å"The Far Star, out of Terminus,† he said. â€Å"Ship's papers. Unarmed. Private vessel. My passport. There is one passenger. His passport. We are tourists.† The Customs official wore a garish uniform in which crimson was the dominating color. Cheeks and upper lip were smooth-shaven, but he wore a short beard parted in such a way that tufts thrust out to both sides of his chin. He said, â€Å"Foundation ship?† He pronounced it â€Å"Foundaysun sip,† but Trevize was careful neither to correct him nor to smile. There were as many varieties of dialects to Galactic Standard as there were planets, and you just spoke your own. As long as there was cross-comprehension, it didn't matter. â€Å"Yes, sir,† said Trevize. â€Å"Foundation ship. Privately owned.† â€Å"Very nice. – Your lading, if you please.† â€Å"My what?† â€Å"Your lading. What are you carrying?† â€Å"Ah, my cargo. Here is the itemized list. Personal property only. We are not here to trade. As I told you, we are simply tourists.† The Customs official looked about curiously. â€Å"This is rather an elaborate vessel for tourists.† â€Å"Not by Foundation standards,† said Trevize with a display of good humor. â€Å"And I'm well off and can afford this.† â€Å"Are you suggesting that I might be richified?† The official looked at him briefly, then looked away. Trevize hesitated a moment in order to interpret the meaning of the word, then another moment to decide his course of action. He said, â€Å"No, it is not my intention to bribe you. I have no reason to bribe you – and you don't look like the kind of person who could be bribed, if that were my intention. You can look over the ship, if you wish.† â€Å"No need,† said the official, putting away his pocket recorder. â€Å"You have already been examined for specific contraband infection and have passed. The ship has been assigned a radio wavelength that will serve as an approach beam.† He left. The whole procedure had taken fifteen minutes. Pelorat said in a low voice. â€Å"Could he have made trouble? Did he really expect a bribe?† Trevize shrugged. â€Å"Tipping the Customs man is as old as the Galaxy and I would have done it readily if he had made a second try for it. As it is – well, I presume he prefers not to take – a chance with a Foundation ship, and a fancy one, at that. The old Mayor, bless her cross-grained hide, said the name of the Foundation would protect us wherever we went and she wasn't wrong. – It could have taken a great deal longer.† â€Å"Why? He seemed to find out what he wanted to know.† â€Å"Yes, but he was courteous enough to check us by remote radioscanning. If he had wished, he could have gone over the ship with a hand-machine and taken hours. He could have put us both in a field hospital and kept us days.† â€Å"What? My dear fellow!† â€Å"Don't get excited. He didn't do it. I thought he might, but he didn't. Which means we're free to land. I'd like to go down gravitically – which could take us fifteen minutes – but I don't know where the permitted landing sites might be and I don't want to cause trouble. That means we'll have to follow the radio beam, which will take hours – as we spiral down through the atmosphere.† Pelorat looked cheerful. â€Å"But that's excellent, Golan. Will we be going slowly enough to watch the terrain?† He held up his portable viewscreen with the map spread out on it at low magnification. â€Å"After a fashion. We'd have to get beneath the cloud deck, and we'll be moving at a few kilometers per second. It won't be ballooning through the atmosphere, but you'll spot the planetography.† â€Å"Excellent! Excellent!† Trevize said thoughtfully, â€Å"I'm wondering, though, if we'll be on Sayshell Planet long enough to make it worth our while to adjust the ship's clock to local time.† â€Å"It depends on what we plan to do, I suppose. What do you think we'll be doing, Golan?† â€Å"Our job is to find Gaia and I don't know how long that will take.† Pelorat said, â€Å"We can adjust our wrist-strips and leave the ship's clock as is.† â€Å"Good enough,† said Trevize. He looked down at the planet spreading broadly beneath them. â€Å"No use waiting any longer. I'll adjust the computer to our assigned radio beam and it can use the gravities to mimic conventional flight. So! – Let's go down, Janov, and see what we can find.† He stared at the planet thoughtfully as the ship began to move on its smoothly adjusted gravitational potential-curve. Trevize had never been in the Sayshell Union, but he knew that over the last century it had been steadfastly unfriendly to the Foundation. He was surprised – and a little dismayed – they had gotten through Customs so quickly. It didn't seem reasonable. The Customs official's name was Jogoroth Sobhaddartha and he had been serving on the station on and off for half his life. He didn't mind the life, for it gave him a chance – one month out of three – to view his books, to listen to his music, and to be away from his wife and growing son. Of course, during the last two years the current Head of Customs had been a Dreamer, which was irritating. There is no one so insufferable as a person who gives no other excuse for a peculiar action than saying he had been directed to it in a dream. Personally Sobhaddartha decided he believed none of it, though he was careful not to say so aloud, since most people on Sayshell rather disapproved of antipsychic doubts. To become known as a materialist might put his forthcoming pension at risk. He stroked the two tufts of hair at his chin, one with his right hand and the other with his left, cleared his throat rather loudly, and then, with inappropriate casualness, said, â€Å"Was that the ship, Head?† The Head, who bore the equally Sayshellian name of Namarath Godhisavatta, was concerned with a matter involving some computer-born data and did not look up. â€Å"What ship?† he said. â€Å"The Far Star. The Foundation ship. The one I just sent past. The one that was holographed from every angle. Was that the one you dreamed of?† Godhisavatta looked up now. He was a small man, with eyes that were almost black and that were surrounded by fine wrinkles that had not been produced by any penchant for smiling. He said, â€Å"Why do you ask?† Sobhaddartha straightened up and allowed his dark and luxuriant eyebrows to approach each other. â€Å"They said they were tourists, but I've never seen a ship like that before and my own opinion is they're Foundation agents.† – Godhisavatta sat back in his chair. â€Å"See here, my man, try as I might I cannot recall asking for your opinion.† â€Å"But Head, I consider it my patriotic duty to point out that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Godhisavatta crossed his arms over his chest and stared hard at the underling, who (though much the more impressive in physical stature and bearing) allowed himself to droop and take on a somehow bedraggled appearance under the gaze of his superior. Godhisavatta said, â€Å"My man, if you know what is good for you, you will do your job without comment – or I'll see to it that there will be no pension when you retire, which will be soon if I hear any more on a subject that does not concern you.† In a low voice, Sobhaddartha said, â€Å"Yes, sir.† Then, with a suspicious degree of subservience in his voice, he added, â€Å"Is it within the range of my duties, sir, to report that a second ship is in range of our screens?† â€Å"Consider it reported,† Godhisavatta said irritably, returning to his work. â€Å"With,† said Sobhaddartha even more humbly, â€Å"characteristics very similar to the one I just sent through.† Godhisavatta placed his hands on the desk and lifted himself to his feet. â€Å"A second one?† Sobhaddartha smiled inwardly. That sanguinary person born of an irregular union (he was referring to the Head) had clearly not dreamed of two ships. He said, â€Å"Apparently, sir! I will now return to my post and await orders and I hope, sir†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† Sobhaddartha could not resist, pension-risk notwithstanding. â€Å"And I hope, sir, we didn't send the wrong one through.† The Far Star moved rapidly across the face of Sayshell Planet and Pelorat watched with fascination. The cloud layer was thinner and more scattered than upon Terminus and, precisely as the map showed, the land surfaces were more compact and extensive-including broader desert areas, to judge by the rusty color of much of the continental expanse. There were no signs of anything living. It seemed a world of sterile desert, gray plain, of endless wrinkles that might have represented mountainous areas, and, of course, of ocean. â€Å"It looks lifeless,† muttered Pelorat. â€Å"You don't expect to see any life-signs at this height,† said Trevize. â€Å"As we get lower, you'll see the land turn green in patches. Before that, in fact, you'll see the twinkling landscape on the nightside. Human beings have a penchant for lighting their worlds when darkness falls; I've never heard of a world that's an exception to that rule. In other words, the first sign of life you'll see will not only be human but technological.† Pelorat said thoughtfully, â€Å"Human beings are diurnal in nature, after all. It seems to me that among the very first tasks of a developing technology would be the conversion of night to day. In fact, if a world lacked technology and developed one, you ought to be able to follow the progress of technological development by the increase in light upon the darkened surface. How long would it take, do you suppose, to go from uniform darkness to uniform light?† Trevize laughed. â€Å"You have odd thoughts, but I suppose that comes from being a mythologist. I don't think a world would ever achieve a uniform glow. Night light would follow the pattern of population density, so that the continents would spark in knots and strings. Even Trantor at its height, when it was one huge structure, let light escape that structure only at scattered points.† The land turned green as Trevize had predicted and, on the last circling of the globe, he pointed out markings that he said were cities. â€Å"It's not a very urban world. I've never been in the Sayshell Union before, but according to the information the computer gives me, they tend to cling to the past. Technology, in the eyes of all the Galaxy, has been associated with the Foundation, and wherever the Foundation is unpopular, there is a tendency to cling to the past, except, of course, as far as weapons of war are concerned. I assure you Sayshell is quite modern in that respect.† â€Å"Dear me, Golan, this is not going to be unpleasant, is it? We are Foundationers, after all, and being in enemy territory†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's not enemy territory, Janov. They'll be perfectly polite, never fear. The Foundation just isn't popular, that's all. Sayshell is not part of the Foundation Federation. Therefore, because they're proud of their independence and because they don't like to remember that they are much weaker than the Foundation and remain independent only because we're willing to let them remain so, they indulge in the luxury of disliking us.† – â€Å"I fear it will still be unpleasant, then,† said Pelorat despondently. â€Å"Not at all,† said Trevize. â€Å"Come on, Janov. I'm talking about the official attitude of the Sayshellian government. The individual people on the planet are just people, and if we're pleasant and don't act as though we're Lords of the Galaxy, they'll be pleasant, too. We're not coming to Sayshell in order to establish Foundation mastery. We're just tourists, asking the kind of questions about Sayshell that any tourist would ask. â€Å"And we can have a little legitimate relaxation, too, if the situation permits. There's nothing wrong with staying here a few days and experiencing what they have to offer. They may have an interesting culture, interesting scenery, interesting food, and – if all else fails – interesting women. We have money to spend.† Pelorat frowned, â€Å"Oh, my dear chap.† â€Å"Come on,† said Trevize. â€Å"You're not that old. Wouldn't you be interested?† â€Å"I don't say there wasn't a time when I played that role properly, but surely this isn't the time for it. We have a mission. We want to reach Gaia. I have nothing against a good time – I really don't – but if we start involving ourselves, it might be difficult to pull free.† He shook his head and said mildly, â€Å"I think you feared that I might have too good a time at the Galactic Library on Trantor and would be unable to pull free. Surely, what the Library is to me, an attractive dark-eyed damsel – or five or six – might be to you.† Trevize said, â€Å"I'm not a rakehell, Janov, but I have no intention of being ascetic, either. Very well, I promise you we'll get on with this business of Gaia, but if something pleasant comes my way, there's no reason in the Galaxy I ought not to respond normally.† â€Å"If you'll just put Gaia first†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I will. Just remember, though, don't tell anyone we're from the Foundation. They'll know we are, because we've got Foundation credits and we speak with strong Terminus accents, but if we say nothing about it, they can pretend we are placeless strangers and be friendly. If we make a point of being Foundationers, they will speak politely enough, but they will tell us nothing, show us nothing, take us nowhere, and leave us strictly alone.† Pelorat sighed. â€Å"I will never understand people.† â€Å"There's nothing to it. All you have to do is take a close look at yourself and you will understand everyone else. We're in no way different ourselves. How would Seldon have worked out his Plan, and I don't care how subtle his mathematics was – if he didn't understand people; and how could he have done that if people weren't easy to understand? You show me someone who can't understand people and I'll show you someone who has built up a false image of himself – no offense intended.† â€Å"None taken. I'm willing to admit I'm inexperienced and that I've spent a rather self-centered and constricted life. It may be that I've never really taken a good look at myself, so I'll let you be my guide and adviser where people are concerned.† â€Å"Good. Then take my advice now and just watch the scenery. We'll be landing soon and I assure you you'll feel nothing. The computer and I will take care of everything.† â€Å"Golan, don't be annoyed. If a young woman should†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Forget it! Just let me take care of the landing.† Pelorat turned to look at the world at the end of the ship's contracting spiral. It would be the first foreign world upon which he would ever stand. This thought somehow filled him with foreboding, despite the fact that all the millions of inhabited planets in the Galaxy had been colonized by people who had not been born upon them. All but one, he thought with a shudder of trepidation/delight. The spaceport was not large by Foundation standards, but it was well kept. Trevize watched the Far Star moved into a berth and locked in place. They were given an elaborate coded receipt. Pelorat said in a low voice, â€Å"Do we just leave it here?† Trevize nodded and placed his hand on the other's shoulder in reassurance. â€Å"Don't worry,† he said in an equally low voice. They stepped into the ground-car they had rented and Trevize plugged in the map of the city, whose towers he could see on the horizon. â€Å"Sayshell City,† he said, â€Å"the capital of the planet. City – planet – star – all named Sayshell.† â€Å"I'm worried about the ship,† insisted Pelorat. â€Å"Nothing to worry about,† said Trevize. â€Å"We'll be back tonight, because it will be our sleeping quarters if we have to stay here more than a few hours. You have to understand, too, that there's an interstellar code of spaceport ethics that – as far as I know – has never been broken, even in wartime. Spaceships that come in peace are inviolate. If that were not so, no one would be safe and trade would be impossible. Any world on which that code was broken would be boycotted by the space pilots of the Galaxy. I assure you, no world would risk that. Besides†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Besides?† â€Å"Well, besides, I've arranged with the computer that anyone who doesn't look and sound like one of us will be killed if he – or she tries to board the ship. I've taken the liberty of explaining that to the Port Commander. I told him very politely that I would love to turn off that particular facility out of deference to the reputation that the Sayshell City Spaceport holds for absolute integrity and security – throughout the Galaxy, I said – but the ship is a new model and I didn't know how to turn it off.† â€Å"He didn't believe that, surely.† â€Å"Of course not! But he had to pretend he did, as otherwise he would have no choice but to be insulted. And since there would be nothing he could do about that, being insulted would only lead to humiliation. And since he didn't want that, the simplest path to follow was to believe what I said.† â€Å"And that's another example of how people are?† â€Å"Yes. You'll get used to this.† â€Å"How do you know this ground-car isn't bugged?† â€Å"I thought it might be. So when they offered me one, I took another one at random. If they're all bugged – well, what have we been saying that's so terrible?† Pelorat looked unhappy. â€Å"I don't know how to say this. It seems rather impolite to complain, but I don't like the way it smells. There's an – odor.† â€Å"In the ground-car?† â€Å"Well, in the spaceport, to begin with. I suppose that's the way spaceports smell, but the ground-car carries the odor with it. Could we open the windows?† Trevize laughed. â€Å"I suppose I could figure out which portion of the control panel will do that trick, but it won't help. This planet stinks. Is it very bad?† â€Å"It's not very strong, but it's noticeable – and somewhat repulsive. Does the whole world smell this way?† â€Å"I keep forgetting you've never been on another world. Every inhabited world has its own odor. It's the general vegetation, mostly, though I suppose the animals and even the human beings contribute. And as far as I know, nobody ever likes the smell of any world when he first lands on it. But you'll get used to it, Janov. In a few hours, I promise you won't notice.† â€Å"Surely you don't mean that all worlds smell like this.† â€Å"No. As I said, each has its own. If we really paid attention or if our noses were a little keener – like those of Anacreonian dogs – we could probably tell which world we were on with one sniff. When I first entered the Navy I could never eat the first day on a new world; then I learned the old spacer trick of sniffing a handkerchief with the world-scent on it during the landing. By the time you get out into the open world, you don't smell it. And after a while, you get hardened to the whole thing; you just learn to disregard it. – The worst of it is returning home, in fact.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Do you think Terminus doesn't smell?† â€Å"Are you telling me it does?† â€Å"Of course it does. Once you get acclimated to the smell of another world, such as Sayshell, you'll be surprised at the stench of Terminus. In the old days, whenever the locks opened on Terminus after a sizable tour of duty, all the crew would call out, ‘Back home to the crap. ‘† Pelorat looked revolted. The towers of the city were perceptibly closer, but Pelorat kept his eyes fixed on their immediate surroundings. There were other ground-cars moving in both directions and an occasional air-car above, but Pelorat was studying the trees. He said, â€Å"The plant life seems strange. Do you suppose any of it is indigenous?† â€Å"I doubt it,† said Trevize absently. He was studying the map and attempting to adjust the programming of the car's computer. â€Å"There's not much in the way of indigenous life on any human planet. Settlers always imported their own plants and animals – either at the time of settling or not too long afterward.† â€Å"It seems strange, though.† â€Å"You don't expect the same varieties from world to world, Janov. I was once told that the Encyclopedia Galactica people put out an atlas of varieties which ran to eighty-seven fat computer-discs and was incomplete even so – and outdated anyway, by the time it was finished.† The ground-car moved on and the outskirts of the city gaped and engulfed them. Pelorat shivered slightly, â€Å"I don't think much of their city architecture.† â€Å"To each his own,† said Trevize with the indifference of the seasoned space traveler. â€Å"Where are we going, by the way?† â€Å"Well,† said Trevize with a certain exasperation, â€Å"I'm trying to get the computer to guide this thing to the tourist center. I hope the computer knows the one-way streets and the traffic regulations, because I don't.† â€Å"What do we do there, Golan?† â€Å"To begin with, we're tourists, so that's the place where we'd naturally go, and we want to be as inconspicuous and natural as we can. And secondly, where would you go to get information on Gaia?† Pelorat said, â€Å"To a university – or an anthropological society – or a museum. – Certainly not to a tourist center.† â€Å"Well, you're wrong. At the tourist center, we will be intellectual types who are eager to have a listing of the universities in the city and the museums and so on. We'll decide where to go to first and there we may find the proper people to consult concerning ancient history, galactography, mythology, anthropology, or anything else you can think of. – But the whole thing starts at the tourist center.† Pelorat was silent and the ground-car moved on in a tortuous manner as it joined and became part of the traffic pattern. They plunged into a sub-road and drove past signs that might have represented directions and traffic instructions but were in a style of lettering that made them all-but-unreadable. Fortunately the ground-car behaved as though it knew the way, and when it stopped and drew itself into a parking spot, there was a sign that said: SAYSHELL OUT-WORLD MILIEU in the same difficult printing, and under it: SAYSHELL TOURIST CENTER in straightforward, easy-to-read Galactic Standard lettering. They walked into the building, which was not as large as the facade had led them to believe. ft was certainly not busy inside. There were a series of waiting booths, one of which was occupied by a man reading the news-strips emerging from a small ejector; another contained two women who seemed to be playing some intricate game with cards and tiles. Behind a counter too large for him, with winking computer controls that seemed far too complex for him, was a bored-looking Sayshellian functionary wearing what looked like a multicolored checkerboard. Pelorat stared and whispered, â€Å"This is certainly a world of extroverted garb.† â€Å"Yes,† said Trevize, â€Å"I noticed. Still, fashions change from world to world and even from region to region within a world sometimes. And they change with time. Fifty years ago, everyone on Sayshell might have worn black, for all we know. Take it as it comes, Janov.† â€Å"I suppose I'll have to,† said Pelorat, â€Å"but I prefer our own fashions. At least, they're not an assault upon the optic nerve.† â€Å"Because so many of us are gray on gray? That offends some people. I've heard it referred to as ‘dressing in dirt. ‘ Then too, it's Foundation colorlessness that probably keeps these people in their rainbows – just to emphasize their independence. It's all what you're accustomed to, anyway. – Come on, Janov.† The two headed toward the counter and, as they did so, the man in the booth forsook his news items, rose, and came to meet them, smiling as he did so. His clothing was in shades of gray. Trevize didn't look in his direction at first, but when he did he stopped dead. He took a deep breath, â€Å"By the Galaxy – My friend, the traitor!†